Both comprehension and understanding can be used to talk about someone's ability to understand something. Understanding is a relation between the knower and an object of understanding. Or about how something works:
AI Deep Dive Podcast — Apple Podcasts
He noted bond's apparent lack of. Comprehension usually used with of. Understanding a concept means you get it.
Your understanding might be that your mother will always drive you to school if you miss the bus.
Knowledge about a subject, situation, etc. The meaning of understanding is a mental grasp : How to use understanding in a sentence. Understanding implies abilities and dispositions with respect to an object.
